borana oromo population

The Oromo Nation is the community concerned with the Gada system. 5. indigenous egalitarian democratic system that has been practiced among the Oromo nation of East Africa for the last five hundred years. Orma had two sons, Borana and Barentu. Updated January 12, 2016 17:16 GMT. The Oromo ethnic group is divided into two major subgroups and several clans. Population. The Borana are a native African ethnic group found in Ethiopia and to a smaller extent in Kenya. The primary religion practiced by the Borana is Sunni Islam, the largest branch of Islam. The Oromo are said to be of two major groups or moieties descended from the two ‘houses’ (wives) of the person Oromo represented by Borana and Barentu (Barenttuma). Most live in rural areas where they make a living mainly from raising animals and farming. r/NutritionalPsychiatry. Christianity was adopted in Ethiopia early in 340 CE by the Kingdom of Axum. Amhara militia burning down Oromo villages in Wollo, April 2021, source FB. Oromo, the largest ethnolinguistic group of Ethiopia, constituting more than one-third of the population and speaking a language of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. The Gabbra are an Eastern Cushitic people living in the arid area of northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia. Borana calendar Last updated March 15, 2019. Moreover People of Oromo origin are also found in Kenya. They are found in all the regions of the Ethiopian Empire except for Gondar. Oromia is a name given by the Oromo Liberation Front to Oromoland, now part of the Ethiopian Empire. translated to Afan Oromo (Borana dialect). When the population is unknown, a color-coded question mark appears at the bottom of the grid. It is difficult to know much about the Oromo before the 16th century, as expressed by R. Pankhurst, they probably lived, before the Imam Ahmad‘s invasion (the Gragn, the left-handed, 1528) in the Borana region of Ethiopia where may have been an element of the population of medieval Muslim kingdoms (Ifat, Waj, Dawaro and Bale). Profile. The Borana Oromo are further sub-divided into Tulama and Macha by Awash River on the West [3]. Rural Resilience Assessment in Borana, Ethiopia 1. The Borana, Gabra and Garri also live across the border in Kenya. 2 Reviews. Population: 25.4 million (2007 National Census). The southern Oromo (specifically the Borana Oromo) are largely pastoralists who raise goats and cattle. Oromo, the largest ethnolinguistic group of Ethiopia, constituting more than one-third of the population and speaking a language of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. Negele Borana (or Neghelle) is a town and separate district in southern Ethiopia. Boranawas senior (angafa) and Barentu junior (qutisu). Study Area Research was conducted in the southern Ethiopian rangelands among Borana pastoralists. It was formally constituted as a community organization in 1985 and became a 501 c-3 non-profit organization in 2000. Those generating small income from livestock (the poor and the destitute HHs) depend on wage, crop production, remittance, collecting and selling of firewood and charcoal, and When did Oromo came to Ethiopia? They exhibit group-oriented culture with authoritarian fathers and a male warrior tradition. The Oromo comprise more than 40% of Ethiopia’s population, with an even larger number living abroad. Ethiopia is an ethnically diverse country with over 74 language groups, with Oromo people being among the major ethnic groups in the country. Christianity was adopted in Ethiopia early in 340 CE by the Kingdom of Axum. Globally, this group totals 999,000 in 2 countries. Today Walal is located in two regions in Oromiya: one is in southern Borana and the other is found in Qellem Wallagga region. The Borana Oromo, also called the Boran, are a pastoralist group living in southern Ethiopia (Oromia) and northern Kenya. Diversifying the economy and producing goods higher up the value-chain will enable the people there to weather the harsh climatic challenges. Research was implemented using four towns in the north-central portion of the s… Such a dichotomy is quite common in Oromo society and serves some aspects of their political and social life. They are predominantly concentrated in Oromia Region in central Ethiopia, the largest region in the country by both population and area. The Oromo are said to be of two major groups or moieties descended from the two 'houses' (wives) of the person Oromo represented by Borana and Barentu (Barenttuma). Geographical location and range of the Gada system Camel-herding nomads, Gabra are part of the Oromo; and are closely associated especially with Borana. They are the largest single ethnic group in Ethiopia, at 32.1% of the population according to the 1994 census, and today numbering around 40 million. Introduction It is the objective of the present document to detail the culture of the Borana Oromo people of northeast Africa—specifically southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. This, most probably, originated from his reference to the people as Orma or Oroma. The Borana Oromo live in Ethiopia and Kenya, with a few in Somalia. See population estimates, location, and other details for Oromo, Borana-Arsi-Guji, plus: 7,458 profiles on every other language in the world Language counts and details for every country 22. The Oromo people are Ethiopia's largest ethnic group and their population amounts to … The Gabra (also written Gabbra or Gebra) are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting northern Kenya and the highlands of southern Ethiopia. The main source of livelihoods for the women who participated in the IDIs is traditional livestock keeping. There are almost 4 million Borana people, most living in Ethiopia.Borana people are… They are related to the Oromo in Somalia also. They are part of the Oromo people cluster within the Horn of Africa affinity bloc. Oromia is a name adopted by the Oromo Liberation Front to the land inhabited by the Oromo people. Retrieved 24 March 2020. The Oromo are primarily located in the Oromia region of Ethiopia, which is in the south-central part of the country and is the largest in population (about 33 million as of 2017) and area (353,006 km^2). The Oromos are Ethiopia’s largest ethnic group (34.9 percent of the population), numbering about 37 million people. The Oromo make up over 30 million out of the present 55 million population of the Ethiopian Empire. The Oromo people are estimated to comprise 40 percent of Ethiopia’s population of more than 60 million (Oromia labor and social affair (BOLSA), 1995). According to the 2007 census in Ethiopia, their estimated population is 30 million. Such a dichotomy is quite common in Oromo society and serves some aspects of their political and social life. karrayyu: east africa`s cushitic guardians of ancient oromo culture and traditions OLF is the immune system of the Oromo nations Reiterating the Oromo political Questions and Ultimate objectives of the Oromo … 1. Facts About Oromo People, Language And Culture, Music & Flag. The OCM started out as an informal mutual assistance association. However, despite the population’s majority in numbers, the Oromo remain a political minority in Ethiopia. They communicate in Afaan Oromoo, Oromia’s official language. Remember this assigns the genomes of individuals in proportions to K ancestral units. The fertility rate is 4.1 births per woman. The dominant ethnic group is the Borana, numbering around 325,000, and herding some one million head of cattle along with a few sheep, goats, camels and equines (Desta, 1988; CSA, 1996; Helland, 1997). Borana mother and child. The Oromo community constitutes the largest ethnic group in the country, with some estimates suggesting they comprise between 25 and 40 per cent of the population. chaffee. It is with utmost concern that MTA is issuing this statement regarding the ever-escalating crisis that the Oromo people are presently facing as a nation. The Borana Oromo in Ethiopia eat mostly milk and meat, but have a lower overall prevalence of 14% for neurotic and somatoform disorders, lower than 25% for Baltimore, and no cases of schizophrenia. One highly developed self-sufficient system which has influenced every aspect of Oromo life is the Gadaa system. Onesimos Nesib was a founder of the Oromo modern literature. A total of 40 women (10 in each village) were individually inter-viewed using a pre-tested semi-structured question guide. They live in the Borena Zone of the Oromia Region of Ethiopia and the former Northern Frontier District of Northern Kenya. Posts Tagged ‘Borana Oromo people’ ... Resilience-building projects will allow the Borana region’s population to more effectively get through droughts. The Oromo people are the single largest ethnic group in East Africa, and they are native to both Ethiopia and Kenya. Other articles where Boran Oromo is discussed: Oromo: …such as the Arusi and Boran (Borana) Oromo, have remained pagan, believing in a sky god. Statement of MTA on the Prevailing Situation in Oromia. Southern Oromo: Pronunciation: uh-ROH-moh: Country: Somalia: 10/40 Window: Yes: Population: 91,000: World Population: 91,000: Language: Oromo, Borana-Arsi-Guji: Primary Religion: Islam: Bible: Complete: Audio NT (FCBH): No: Jesus Film: Yes: Audio … The Borana Oromo ethnic group lives in northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia. The Oromo language is known as Afaan Oromoo or Oromiffaa. Population . Borana and Barentu in Oromo oral history are said to be brothers who were the sons Orma, father of … Most live in rural areas where they make a living mainly from raising animals and farming. Originally confined to the southeast of the country, the Oromo migrated in waves of invasions in the 16th century CE. The Borana calendar is a calendrical system once thought to have been used by the Borana Oromo, a people living in southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya.The calendar is based upon an earlier Cushitic calendar, developed around 300 BC found at Namoratunga.Reconsideration of the Namoratunga site led astronomer and archaeologist … They speak a dialect of Oromo. They are part of the Oromo people cluster within the Horn of Africa affinity bloc. This people group is only found in Ethiopia. A German missionary named Krapf in 1860 also used the term Ormania to designate the nation or the country of the Oromo people. The 1998 census Kenya reported that 150,000-175,000 Borana lived in Kenya. 10. This older term, which refers to all the Oromo groups, is seen in some sources for the Orma. They are named after the two sons of Orma. Oromo, the largest ethnolinguistic group of Ethiopia, constituting more than one-third of the population and speaking a language of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. For this reason in many English sources, mostly older sources, the word is spelled Boran. In Ethiopia, the Borana group are commonly called Oromo, along with the other Oromo groupings in Eastern Africa. The name Borana refers to the people or their language and also means friend or kind person. Oromo, Borana: People Name in Country: Oromo, Borana: Natural Name: Borana Oromo: Population this Country: 216,000 Population all Countries: 1,645,000: Total Countries: 2: Indigenous: No: Progress Scale: 2 Unreached: No: Frontier People Group: No GSEC: 2 (per PeopleGroups.org) Pioneer Workers Needed: Alternate Names: People ID: 19651: ROP3 Code: 101615 A 2003 population of only 136,936 is reported by Peoplegroups.org. ... by Oromo people of Borana, Guji and Gabra; the other Gari, Somali ... election purpose and for 2021 population and housing census as preliminary document regarding socio-economic condition of the zone. Oromo people - Wikipedia The British colonial unit found that the Italians had abandoned the settlement 10 days before they arrived, and in the time between the buildings had been looted and destroyed by the neighboring Borena Oromo. History: The Borana are one of the resulting groups of Oromo migrants who left the southern highlands of Ethiopia in the 1500's. Most of the Borana and related peoples live in Ethiopia. The Oromo had migrated east but were pushed back by the Somali leading to a greater southern expansion. Oromos speak the Oromo language (also known as Afaan Oromoo and Oromiffa), which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family. The population of Borana zone is 966,467, consisting of 489,001 males and 477,466 females, with about 9% of the population classified as urban , of this 77% are Borana Oromos and remaining other ethnic groups. The large majority of the people living in Afar and Borana areas of Ethiopia are pastoralists, deriving their income and subsistence mainly from rearing livestock. Oromo, the largest ethnolinguistic group of Ethiopia, constituting more than one-third of the population and speaking a language of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. The Oromo people are estimated to comprise 40 percent of Ethiopia’s population of more than 60 million (Oromia labor and social affair (BOLSA), 1995). The Oromo language is divided into four main linguistic varieties: Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo, Eastern Oromo, Orma and West Central Oromo. Oromo (Borana tribe) women Culture Oromo have a very rich culture, fostered by the size of the population and large land areas with diverse climatic conditions. There are also a small percentage of Oromo… The Oromo, descendents of the Cushite peoples of ancient northern Africa, number about 30,000,000, making up about 40% of Ethiopia’s population. The Oromo language is divided into four main linguistic varieties: Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo, Eastern Oromo, Orma and West Central Oromo. Study Area The fieldwork of this rural resilience assessment project was conducted in Borana, Ethiopia (Figure 1). Southern Oromo in Somalia uh-ROH-moh. There are thousands of Oromo people living in diaspora, largely residing in are United States of America, Australia, Canada, Norway, England and Sweden. Cushitic speakers have occupied parts of north-eastern and eastern Africa for as long as recorded history. They originated in the Horn of Africa, where they are believed to have lived for millennia. The Oromo are divided in two main sub-groups. People belonging to the Borana Oromo group mainly inhabit southern Ethiopia and parts of Kenya. The color coding matches the color scheme used in the summary profile graphs on the navigation maps for the site. / ˈ ɒr əm oʊ / or / ɔː ˈ r oʊ m oʊ /; Oromo: Oromoo) are a Cushitic ethnic group and nation native to Ethiopia and Kenya who speak the Oromo language.They are the largest ethnic group in Ethiopia and represent 34.5% of Ethiopia's population. Originally confined to the southeast of the country, the Oromo migrated in waves of invasions in the 16th century CE. The Oromo, descendents of the Cushite peoples of ancient northern Africa, number about 30,000,000, making up about 40% of Ethiopia’s population. By Ludovica Iaccino. The Oromos are the largest ethnic group in Ethiopia (34.9% of the population), numbering about 37 million. Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo is represented by a large, colored dot. It is important to trace the pattern of the Borana Oromo confederacy. The cultural cohesion and population composition of the country is the result ... the Derg regime, and between fractions of concerned ethnic groups such as Borana of the Oromo and Garri of the Somali1. Oromo People. 15 The Borana have long occupied the cradleland of the Oromo people in the present-day southern Ethiopia where they developed the gada system; to the present-day they are characterized by their democratic and socially harmonious qualities. Until they formed their separate . in both population and cattle had exhausted the scarce resources; externally, the wars with both the Christians and the Muslims endangered the Oromo's survival as people. Ethiopia’s population is growing about 2.7% annually with no projected peak year or period of decline. The Oromo constitute approximately 45% of the currently estimated 85 million human population of the Ethiopian empire. 16 Some Orma had moved into the Tana area by 1850. B. Tache (2008) Pastoralism under Stress: Resources, Institutions and Poverty among the Borana Oromo in Southern Ethiopia: PhD Thesis , Environment and Development Studies, Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences,Ås, Norway Though originating from the Oromo tribal clusters of Ethiopia, today the Southern Oromo reside only in neighboring Somalia. Southern Oromo in Somalia uh-ROH-moh. The increase of the Borana population in the 6th and I 7th centuries is central to Legesse's explanation of their expansion and conquests at this time (though for some reason he ignores the The Oromo people (Oromo: Oromoo; Ge'ez: ኦሮሞ, ’Oromo) are the single largest Cushitic speaking group in not only Northeast Africa but the entire world, outnumbering Somalis by the millions. The birth rate in Ethiopia is 36 births per 1,000 people. They have retained virtually intact the gada, or highly formalized age-set system (a system in which all members of society are included in separate age groups for life). -- 2004 World Psychiatry. Originally confined to the southeast of the country, the Oromo migrated in … Interestingly the Amhara and Tigray are almost indistinguishable, but the Ethiopian Jews are in their own cluster. Johan Krapf, the first Protestant missionary to Kenya, came with a desire to visit the "Galla." The Oromo, descendents of the Cushite peoples of ancient northern Africa, number about 30,000,000, making up about 40% of Ethiopia’s population. Oromos constitute the third most populous ethnic group among Africans as a whole and the most populous among Horners specifically. In my own analysis, the Walal region of the Qellem Wallaga was the area which the Limmu Oromo referred to. Few sources give the separate population of the Borana in Ethiopia. The Oromo people (pron. However, according to oral Oromo historians, the Gadaa system has been in practice for several centuries. The Borana Oromo live in Ethiopia and Kenya, with a few in Somalia. Oromo, Borana: Ethiopia: 1,429,000 1,645,000 Ethnic Religions 1 4.00 % 1.30 % 29 Oromo, Borana: Kenya: 216,000 1,645,000: Islam 2 8.00 % 2.00 % -1 - Oromo, Gabra: Ethiopia: 53,000 173,000 Islam 0 ☀: 0.00 % 0.00 % 1 Oromo, Gabra: Kenya: 120,000 173,000 Ethnic Religions 4 12.00 % 3.00 % -1 - Oromo, Guji: Ethiopia: 1,826,000 1,826,000 Christianity 5 70.00 % Boydell & Brewer, 2015 - Cushites - 379 pages. Cushitic speakers have occupied parts of north-eastern and eastern Africa for as long as recorded history. This study was undertaken in the Borana zone of southern Ethiopia (Figure 1).Borana zone is generally characterized as arid and semi-arid with fluctuating climatic conditions and mean annual rainfall between 400 and 600 mm (Coppock 1994).Pastoralism is the main livelihood, and the people are generally … There is also a small group of Oromos that live in the northern region of Kenya. A 2003 population of only 136,936 is reported by Peoplegroups.org. the population in western oromia deserve freedom of information Dear PM Dr. Abiy Ahmed Ali, It has been more than a year since Western Oromia, Guji and parts of Borana were silently and unconstitutionally put under a Command Post, i.e., a de facto (undeclared) state of emergency. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. It was created to assist the growing number of Oromo immigrants successfully settle in … It is the objective of the present document to detail the culture of the Borana Oromo people of northeast Africa—specifically southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. According to the Ethiopian central statistical agency (CSA), the zonal population in 2011 was 962,489. The Borana Oromo, also called the Boran, are a pastoralist ethnic group living in southern Ethiopia (Oromia) and northern Kenya. They are a moiety of the Oromo people, the other being the Barentu Oromo. Their primary language is Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo. Those traditions have been diluted in… The Oromo are a Cushitic ethnic group and nation indigenous to Ethiopia and Kenya who speak the Oromo language. Courtesy: World Discoverer The Borana are one of the major semi-nomadic pastoralist Oromo Cushitic-speaking people living in Eastern and North Eastern Africa. [59][60] The Boran inhabit the former provinces of Shewa, Welega, Illubabor, Kafa, Jimma, Sidamo, northern and northeastern Kenya, and a small refugee population in some parts of Somalia. The Borana are one of the Cushitic speaking people living in Eastern and North Eastern Africa. And also, this socio-economic profile is ^ "2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics". The Oromo people of today are divided into two major branches known as Borana Oromo and Barentu Oromo. Their primary language is Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo. Boshi, p.10. The Oromo and the Christian Kingdom of Ethiopia. The 1998 census Kenya reported that 150,000-175,000 Borana lived in Kenya. Now let's look at the genetic variation in ADMIXTURE. Language: The Gabbra speak the Borana language, an Oromo language in the Eastern Cushite family, having gradually lost their Rendille-related language, which … Oromo is the largest ethnic group which is native to Ethiopia. The Borana and the Barentu are the two major subgroups. April 22, 2021. HIV/AIDS, Gender and Reproductive Health Promotion : the Roles of Traditional Institutions Among the Borana Oromo, Southern Ethiopia : Contemporary Issues in Borana, and the 38th Gumii Gaayoo Assembly Originally published in 1989, this Drought has been, and still is a prominent factor in Afar and Borana pastoralism. However, according to the Central Statistical Authority (CSA (2004)) projection, the total population of Ethiopia is 73 million, of which the Oromo constitute 25.8 million Few sources give the separate population of the Borana in Ethiopia. Borana was senior (angafa) and Barentu junior (qutisu). According to Mohammed [4] the term ‘Maccaa’ means a very wide and large population. Overview: The Borana of Kenya, numbering 196,000, are Engaged yet Unreached. "Their (Borana Oromo) noted historian, Arero Rammata, was able to recount, in 1969, an oral history covering four thousand years", (Prouty et al, 1981). However, according to the Central Statistical Authority (CSA (2004)) projection, the total population of Ethiopia is 73 million, of which the Oromo constitute 25.8 million The oromo People. August 19, 2019 shawelgojo 0 Comments. The Borana speak Borana (or afaan Booranaa), a dialect of Oromo language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family of languages. Ethiopia ’s current population is about 115 million and is expected to surpass 200 million by the end of 2049. Prospects for the livestock sector through 2030 vary by aridity zone. The population of Gabra is … Negaso Gidada (1984). ... Tulama - the two branches of the Borana Oromo - held their . Krapf (1860) proposed the term Ormania to designate the nationality or the country of the Oromo people. taree (assembly) at Oda Nabi in Fatagar. The elevation varies from 500 to 2500 m. Over 95,000 km2 in size, it is home to over 350,000 people with a livestock population … The Borana herd cattle while the Gabbra are attached to camels, though they also have cattle. The Oromo are Ethiopia’s largest ethnic group, comprising a majority of the country’s population. Among these individuals are a number of ethnically Somali international migrants, around 300,000 of whom inhabit the wider East and South Africa regions. they were related to the Rendille-Somali Cushites, but now relate culturally to the Borana Oromo, another Eastern Cushite people, and now speak the Borana language. Courtesy: World_Discoverer The Borana are one of the major semi-nomadic pastoralist Oromo Cushitic-speaking people living in Eastern and North Eastern Africa. Many Oromo settled in what became Ethiopia in the 16th century, displacing some populations, especially in the country’s northern highlands. Rangelands of the Borana Zone in southern Ethiopia supported one of the most sustainable and productive pastoral systems in East Africa until early 1980s (Cossins & Upton, 1987). The area is inhabited by the Borana and Gabra clan of Oromo ethnic group, the Garri clan of Somali ethnic group with small numbers of traders from other ethnic groups of Ethiopia. The Borana Oromo, is a one of the two major subgroup of the Oromo People. There are almost 4 million Borana people, most living in Ethiopia. Oromo population 2021 Oromo people - Wikipedi . They are Ethiopia’s largest ethnic group, accounting for 34.5 percent of the country’s population. : Mohammed Hassen. Onesimos Nesib was a founder of the Oromo modern literature. The Arsi of Ethiopia, numbering 6,495,000, are Engaged yet Unreached. The human population in the region including the Borana, Somali, Gabra, and other minorities is about 410,000 (CSA 1996a). According to the oral history, Orma is the father of all Oromos. They speak Afaan Oromoo, the official language of Oromia. Though originating from the Oromo tribal clusters of Ethiopia, today the Southern Oromo reside only in neighboring Somalia. Before the Maccaa and Tulama have formed their respective Gada centers, they had one Gada center, share a common Chafe under a common government and common laws 5.3 Sources of Income The major sources of income for the rich and the medium households are livestock and livestock products, crop, and trade and Commission Agent. History of Sayyoo Oromo of South Western Wallaga, Ethiopia from About 1730 to1886 (Frankfurt),p.26; Ayalew Duressa (2002).“Guddifachaa: Adoption Practice in Oromo Society with Particular Reference to the Borana Oromo,” MA Thesis (Addis Ababa University, Social Anthropology), p.3. These … Borana zone is among the 20 zones found in Oromia regional state. With this figure, the Oromo rank as the single biggest nationality in East Africa. They are related to the Borana and other Oromo groups. Whether the Borana borrowed or invented the system, however, it is extremely unlikely that they adopted it as a means of restricting their population. The Gada System has been practiced for centuries and remains functional into the present among all of the major clans such as Borana, Guji, Gabra, Karrayu, Arsi, Afran Qallo, Ituu, Humbana, Tulama and Macha Clans of the Oromo Nation. In the border regions of Ethiopia-Kenya and southwestern Somalia, one estimate places about 220,000 people as Boranas. They exhibit group-oriented culture with authoritarian fathers and a male warrior tradition. 9. Their population s estimated to be 55 million, which makes it the largest ethnic group in Eastern Africa. Oromo History. Located in the Guji Zone of the Oromia Region on the road connecting Addis Ababa to Dolo Odo, it is the largest town in the in the Borena Zone, traditionally inhabited by the Borana Oromo… Who is the father of Oromo? Ethiopia’s central region is the largest in terms of size and population. Jawar, Bekele, and Hamza, in particular, played a critical role in the pro-democracy Oromo youth movement that ushered Abiy into power in April 2018. When there are no known users, an X appears at the bottom of the grid. The Afar and Borana together consist of 39% of the pastoral population of Ethiopia. The primary religion practiced by the Arsi is Sunni Islam, the largest branch of Islam. Introduction It is the objective of the present document to detail the culture of the Borana Oromo people of northeast Africa—specifically southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. They are primarily concentrated in the Oromia Region of central Ethiopia, the country’s largest region in terms of both population and territory. There are, for the record, 7 Oromo, 7 Amhara, 5 Tigray, and 13 Ethiopian Jews in the sample. These inter-state and inter-ethnic conflicts seem to have been or . There are also a small percentage of Oromo…