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Introduction: Shewanella algae is a Gram-negative rod marine bacterium usually found in nonhuman sources and has been shown to be pathogenic in multiple human clinical cases mentioned in the literature. Shewanella algae are Gram-negative, nonfermentative, motile bacilli, classified in the genus Shewanella in 1985. Otsuka T, Noda T, Noguchi A, Nakamura H, Ibaraki K, et al. isolated from ballast water, Veterinary World, 14(3):678-688. INTRODUCTION: Shewanella algae, a motile gram-negative bacillus, is one of the four species of Shewanella genus known to cause human infections (1). Shewanella putrefaciens is a rarely pathogenic, widely distributed, oxidase positive, nonfermenting, hydrogen sulfide forming gram-negative bacilli. 744 infection control and hospital epidemiology august 2008, vol. The infections described most commonly involve ears, skin and soft tissue, with or without … Infections involving these species are frequently associated with underlying conditions and complications. In Denmark, the most common Shewanella infection is infection of the ear with S. algae. 18. We report a case of acute enteritis caused by Shewanella algae in a cirrhotic patient. Epidemic curve for the outbreak of infection with Shewanella algae or Shewanella putrefaciens (n 31), by month ﬁgure 2. Shewanella algae has been reported to cause a variety of symptoms, including ear infections and skin and soft tissue infections. algae is found in warm marine environments throughout the world, and is isolated from seawater. A 59-year-old man presented to Tauranga Hospital (Tauranga, New Zealand) with lower limb soft tissue infection growing Shewanella algae isolated from blood and skin after fishing in seawater. The infections described most commonly involve ears, skin and soft tissue, with or without … a rod-shaped Gram-negative marine bacterium frequently found in nonhuman sources such as aquatic ecosystems Shewanella spp. Shewanella algae (n=12, 75%) was the predominant isolate. 1990 Shewanella algae is a J Gastroenterol 42: 87-90. Shewanella haliotis Associated with Severe Soft Tissue Infection, Thailand, 2012. As many automated identification systems are unable to distinguish between S. putrefaciens and S. algae , a number of reports of human infections described previously as caused by S. putrefaciens were actually S. algae . However, reports of Shewanella infections have been increasing, and hepatobiliary disease has been proposed as a predisposing factor following a critical course. of Shewanella species usually are found in marine environments in warm climates or during summer in temper-ate climates (3). Members of Shewanella species usually are found in marine environments in warm climates or during summer in temperate climates (3). This bacterium, at first misidentified by phenotypic tests as Shewanella putrefaciens, was subsequently identified correctly as S. algae by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. ... Susceptibility to Antibiotics in Urinary Tract Infections in a Secondary Care Setting from 2005-2006 and 2010-2011, in São Paulo, Brazil: Data from 11,943 Urine Cultures. Though there are several reports of S. algae and other Shewanella spp. Early onset neonatal sepsis caused by S. algae is uncommon. These environmental bacteria are occasionally identified in human infections, with a relatively strong association with exposure to seawater during warm seasons. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from brown algae International Journal of Systematic Shewanella is the sole genus included in the marine bacteria family Shewanellaceae. Aims and Objectives: To describe four cases of Shewanella infection in susceptible patients. Piyawat Komolmit. Outbreak of Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens Infections Caused by a Shared Measuring Cup in a General Surgery Unit in Korea - Volume 29 Issue 8 - Hyang Soon Oh, Kyung Ah Kum, Eui-Chong Kim, Hoan-Jong Lee, Kang Won Choe, Myoung Don Oh substantial pathogenic potential that has been reported to cause life-threatening bacteremia, cellulitis, and acute exacerbations of chronic otitis media, With multi-drug resistance on the rise and the lack of large-scale systemic studies, we describe a case of bacteremia caused by this rare organism. Shewanella; Shewanella algae; Soft tissue infection; Necrotizing fasciitis Summary Objective: To better understand the clinical characteristics of soft tissue infections caused by Shewanella in humans. Human infection caused by Shewanella algae is rare, which usually occurred after direct contact with seawater or ingestion of raw seafood in the immunocompromised host. Shewanella algae are susceptible to aminoglycosides, carbapenems, erythromycin, and quinolones with variable susceptibility to penicillin and cephalosporin. Currently more than sixty species have been identified, whereas the most commonly clinical cases associated with Shewanella species have involved only two species, i.e., S. algae and S. putrefaciens. Here, we report the isolation of phages from diverse freshwater environments that infect and lyse strains of Shewanella oneidensis and other Shewanella sp. Shewanella algae is a gram negative, facultative anaerobe, which was first isolated from red algae (Simidu et al., 1990). 2. Shewanella putrefaciens and Shewanella algae are Gram negative, nonfermentative and oxidative bacilli whose the main phenotypic feature is the production of hydrogen sulfide gas. SETTING: A university-affiliated tertiary acute care hospital in Seoul, Republic of Korea, with approximately 1,600 beds. Am J Trop Med Hyg. We present a first case of death in an immunocompromised patient with Shewanella algae septicemia in … Previously reported cases of S. algae have mainly been associated with direct contact with seawater. Case Presentation Monthly attack rate of infection or colonization with Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens. Shewanella consists of facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative rods, most of which are found in extreme aquatic habitats where the temperature is very low and the pressure is very high. of Shewanella species usually are found in marine environments in warm climates or during summer in temper-ate climates (3). Methods: We report a case of Shewanella soft tissue infection and review the English literature from a search of PubMed. Members of Shewanella species are opportunistic pathogens that are found in marine environments. These are caused by eating shellfish that have been in contact with the vibrio bacteria. Recent advances in the taxonomy and phylogenetic relatedness of members of this genus, however, support the concept that most human infections are caused by a single species, S. algae. J Clin Microbiol. Shewanella algae have been linked to most cases of soft tissue infections [7, 15, 16]. Because automated systems are unable to distinguish between the 2 species, a number of infections attributed to S. putrefaciens probably correspond to S. algae . Human in-fection with Shewanella putrefaciens and S. algae: report of 16 cases in Martinique and review of the literature. We report the first Japanese septic case of decompensated liver disease in which this bacterium acted as a definite pathogen. An 86-year-old man with a history of gastrectomy for peptic ulcer disease and a cerebrovascular accident with known choledocholithiasis presented with recurrent episodes of cholangitis that failed conservative antibiotic treatment regimens. We herein report on this rare human bacterial infection. 19. These infections have a good clinical outcome if prompt medical, surgical and supportive treatment is offered. However rapid development of resistant to Imipenem and Piperacillin + Tazobactam has been reported (Ostwal et al., 2015). Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens are associated with human infections that include bacteremia, 6,10-22 cellu litis (skin and soft tissue infection),6,9,10 '14-16'23-27 ear infection,28,29 cere- Peripheral vascular diseases were the predominant risk factors with comorbidities like diabetes, We present two cases of pulmonary and bloodstream infections caused by two rare Shewanella spp. Infections are rare and are most often associated with the immunocompromised host. We describe a case of bacteremia due to imipenem-susceptible Shewanella algae. Human infection caused by Shewanella algae is rare, which usually occurred after direct contact with seawater or ingestion of raw seafood in the immunocompromised host. 3. The occurrence of the two Shewanella species found in clinical specimens, Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens, correlates with the temperature and salinity of seawater. The cases highlight the unique stresses this group of trainees, called Naval Special Warfare trainees, face that may put them at risk for infection with this bacterium, called Shewanella algae… A B S T R A C T Introduction: Shewanella is a gram negative marine bacterium of which S. putrefaciens and S. algae are pathogenic in immunocompromised patients and patients with pre-existing chronic ulcers. We present two cases of pulmonary and bloodstream infections caused by two rare Shewanella … Human infection with Shewanella putrefaciens and S. algae: report of 16 cases in Martinique and review of the literature. are infrequently recovered from clinical specimens. 2. Shewanella infection in humans have been published (according to a search of Medline). infections have been reported worldwide. This is the first published report of this marine organism causing infection in New Zealand. raises the possibility that S. algae could be a causative pathogen in wound The infections described most commonly involve ears, skin and soft tissue, with or without … Shewanella algae infections are rare in humans. 2013 Jul;89(1):151-6. It is OBJECTIVE: To control an outbreak of Shewanella algae and S. putrefaciens infections by identifying the risk factors for infection and transmission. The genus Shewanella is one of a very small number of marine-dwelling genera that have the ability to cause human infections. Shewanella, with its broad spectrum of clinical presentations, is becoming an emerging cause of opportunistic infections. Download Full PDF Package. causing diseases in humans and animals, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first-ever report of S. indica recovered from a Bryde’s whale or being associated with an infection. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. The occurrence of the two Shewanella species found in clinical specimens, Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens, correlates with the temperature and salinity of seawater. Shewanella algae is a rare pathogen related to water exposure in temperate climates. SummaryShewanella wound infections after snake bites are rare. Two Shewanella species, S. algae and S. putrefaciens, have been found in clinical specimens. Shewanella algae is characteristically susceptible to aminoglycosides, carbapenems, erythromycin, and quinolones but resistant to penicillin [12, 16]. We report the case of a Shewanella algae wound infection associated with a cobra bite in a 27-year-old woman. To the best of our knowledge, this is the ﬁrst case report of coinfection with Shewanella algae and Morganella morganii in a wound caused by N. atra bite with resistome analysis using whole genome sequencing. Shewanella algae are Gram-negative, nonfermentative, motile bacilli, classified in the genus Shewanella in 1985. We report here on the first case of osteomyelitis due to Shewanella algae . The cases include soft tissue infections, ear infections, abdominal infections, and biliary tract infections. Several Shewanella species have been recently known to be emerging agents of soft tissue and invasive infections following seawater exposure, and these include Shewanella algae (which is the most common), Shewanella haliotis, Shewanella putrefaciens and Shewa-nella xiamenensis.23,24 Shewanella spp. Regulation of colony morphology and bioﬁlm formation in Shewanella algae Alberto J. Martın-Rodrıguez1* Katia Villion,1 Secil Yilmaz-Turan, 2Francisco Vilaplana, Asa Sj €oling 1 and Ute R€omling 1 1Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Shewanella algae and S. putrefaciens account for most human Shewanella infections. Introduction: Shewanella spp. are emerging human pathogens, the predominant species being Shewanella algae. Shewanella skin and soft tissue infections are more commonly seen in immunocompromised patients with a pre-existing cutaneous ulcer and most often associated with exposure to marine environments. Ji - Young Yoo, Han - Su 10 June 2016 Shewanella algicola sp. Shewanella algae is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacillus with a single polar flagellum.S. Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens infections caused by a shared measuring cup in a general surgery unit in Korea. They can cause a broad range of human infections. OBJECTIVE: To control an outbreak of Shewanella algae and S. putrefaciens infections by identifying the risk factors for infection and transmission. Aims and Objectives: To describe four cases of Shewanella infection in susceptible patients. In humans, most Shewanella species infections occur in skin and soft tissues (4). READ PAPER. How do people become infected with information about Shewanella infections related to snakebites also remain scarce. Vibrio and Shewanella Algae infections can also cause gastrointestinal (stomach) illness. Background: Shewanella algae is a zoonotic pathogen that poses a serious health threat to immunocompromised hosts. This bacterium, at first misidentified by phenotypic tests as Shewanella putrefaciens , was subsequently identified correctly as S. algae by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. This means that Shewanella infections occur in warm climates or during especially warm summers in temperate climates. Vignier N, Barreau M, Olive C, et al. The most common clinical manifestations of Shewanella algae infection include skin and soft tissue infection associated with exposure to seawater, ear infections, hepatobiliary disease and bacteraemia. A case series in Martinique reviewed all cases of Shewanella over a 14-year period. Shewanella very closely related to both Shewanella putrefaciens and Shewanella algae … Shewanella algae , S. putrefaciens , and Photobacterium damselae subsp. Shewanella algae should be considered as an emerging pathogen of SSTIs mainly in patients with chronic ulcers and at times be multidrug resistant. A short summary of this paper. The development of resistance should be monitored when S. algae infection is treated with imipenem, even though the strain is initially susceptible to imipenem. Summary of biochemical characteristics of Shewa-nella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens (type strains and Shewanella algae (n=12, 75%) was the predominant isolate. Sequence analysis and microscopic imaging strongly indicate that these phages form … The occurrence of the two Shewanella species found in clinical specimens, Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens , correlates with the temperature and salinity of seawater.This means that Shewanella infections occur in warm climates or during especially warm summers in temperate climates. In a study of 67 ear infections Table 1. DESIGN: Matched case-control study. Pages 347-352. In humans, most She-wanella species infections occur in skin and soft tissues (4). Additionally, serious infections of the blood and bone have been reported. Shewanella algae wound infection associated with a cobra bite in a 27-year-old The isolate was confirmed by sequencing of the 16S ribosomal DNA gene. The occurrence of the two Shewanella species found in clinical specimens, Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens , correlates with the temperature and salinity of seawater.This means that Shewanella infections occur in warm climates or during especially warm summers in temperate climates. Karan Ostwal. Shewanella species are an unusual cause of disease in humans. (2007) Shewanella infection in decompensated liver disease: a septic case. Shewanella algae (S. algae) is a gram-negative saprophytic bacillus, commonly associated with the marine environment, which has been isolated from humans. Volume 11, Issue 5, 2005. Skin or mucosal portal of entry was found in all patients and seawater contact was recorded in 56.25% of the patients. (2) Of the Shewanella spp., human clinical infections are caused by Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens, the greater share of which being the more pathogenic S. algae, possibly due to its ability to carry out beta-hemolytic type reactions and exotoxin production. 729 CASE REPORT Shewanella algae Bacteremia in an End-stage Renal Disease Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature TomoakiTakata1,HirokiChikumi2,ShotaMorishita3,ShintaroHamada 1,ShotaroHoi , TakujiIyama 1,TakeakiFukui 1,TomomitsuMatono ,SatokoFukuda , ChishioMunemura 1andHajimeIsomoto Abstract A 71-year-old man was admitted because of nausea and abdominal pain. A study was performed on the microbiological flora of oysters and seawater from commercial … Skin and soft tissue infection Shewanella algae Shewanella putrefaciens. We report here on the first case of osteomyelitis due to Shewanella algae. Abstract The occurrence of the two Shewanella species found in clinical specimens, Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens, correlates with the temperature and salinity of seawater.This means that Shewanella infections occur in warm climates or during especially warm summers in temperate climates. ABSTRACT. substantial pathogenic potential that has been reported to cause life-threatening bacteremia, cellulitis, and acute exacerbations of chronic otitis media, In humans, most She-wanella species infections occur in skin and soft tissues (4). Shewanella algae, which is the most common human clinical isolate, was believed to be a strain of Shewanella putrefaciens by some authors, and was later grouped as a separate and distinct entity. Biochemical identification systems revealed to be insufficient to identify the Shewanella isolate at the species level, thus requiring 16S rRNA and gyrB partial gene sequencing. The infections described most commonly involve ears, skin and soft tissue, with or without … Shewanella algae is a gram negative marine organism that rarely causes infection in human beings. She was found to have multiple liver abscesses. Abstract. | PubMed | Vignier N, Barreau M, Olive C, Baubion E, Théodose R, Hochedez P, et al. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2013. The occurrence of the two Shewanella species found in clinical specimens, Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens, correlates with the temperature and salinity of seawater. This means that Shewanella infections occur in warm climates or during especially warm summers in temperate climates. 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. Download PDF. 81% of infections were polymicrobial, common concomitant pathogens being gut and marine flora. One species (S. algae) and possibly a second (S. putrefaciens) have been isolated from human samples on multiple occasions (5). ﬁgure 1. Shewanella algae rarely causes soft tissue and ear infections in humans ().The skin and soft tissue infections caused by Shewanella spp. The isolate was confirmed by sequencing of the 16S ribosomal DNA gene. More than 50 species of Shewanella have been described but with the exception of the recent case report of S. xiamensis causing a peripancreatic infection 5, all other reported illnesses involving the genus Shewanella have been linked to either S. putrefaciens and S. algae infection with the latter being more common in clinical cases 1,5,6. We report 6 cases of Shewanella algae infection in young, healthy Naval Special Warfare trainees in San Diego during 2 consecutive El Niño seasons, defining a unique population at risk and adding to the epidemiologic understanding of this potentially virulent organism. Shewanella algae is a Gram-negative, motile bacillus found ubiquitously in salt water reservoirs of warmer climates. Therapeutic options have become further limited by the emergence of quinolone-resistant strains. S. algae infections, however, have become increasingly common over the past decade (Janda, 2014). 81% of infections were polymicrobial, common concomitant pathogens being gut and marine flora. Shewanella putrefaciens was considered to cause most of the human infections before the discovery of S algae . This paper. With its natural habitat being an aquatic environment, it has been rarely reported as a human pathogen (Khashe and Janda, 1998). This can take the form of acute infection or acute exacerbation in chronic otitis media in predis-posed individuals. Shewanella algae are often found together with other bacteria, which has clouded the clinical significance of Shewanella bacteria in causing human illness. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections due to Shewanella algae - An Emerging Pathogen There have been anecdotal reports about Shewanella infections in human, but their pathogenic role … Some species within it were formerly classed as Alteromonas. Abstract Background and Aim: Shewanella algae. S. putrefaciens and S. algae infection correlates with the temperature and salinity of seawater.This means Shewanella infections occur in warm climates or during warm summers in temperate climates. was recorded in 56.25% of the patients. Shewanella is the sole genus included in the marine bacteria family Shewanellaceae.Some species within it were formerly classed as Alteromonas. Shewanella algae Scientific classification Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gamma Proteobacteria Order: Alteromonadales Family: Shewanellaceae Genus: Shewanella Species: S. algae Binomial name Shewanella algae Simidu et al. Introduction: Shewanella is a gram negative marine bacterium of which S. putrefaciens and S. algae are pathogenic in immunocompromised patients and patients with pre-existing chronic ulcers. Her blood culture grew out Shewanella algae. We present a case of recurrent cholangitis caused by Shewanella algae , a lethal, emerging pathogen that clinicians should be made aware of. One species (S. algae) and possibly a second (S. putrefaciens) have been isolated from human samples on multiple occasions (5). Abstract. There have been anecdotal reports about Shewanella infections in human, but their pathogenic role and microbiologic data are limited. Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens: clinical and microbiological characteristics. damselae are indigenous marine bacteria and human pathogens causing cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, abscesses, septicemia, and death. CONCLUSION In conclusion, clinicians should be aware of this We report a case of S. algae blood stream infection in … A 63 year old Caucasian female with ampullary pancreatic cancer s/p pancreaticoduodenectomy in 2016 was admitted to our cancer center with complaints of fever (temperature 103° F) and abdominal pain. are infrequently recovered from clinical specimens. Species of the genus Shewanella are widespread in nature in various habitats, however, little is known about phages affecting Shewanella sp. New enterant in the class of uropathogens shewanella algae. Case Report: We here present a male patient who developed soft tissue infection in both upper and lower limbs after exposure to a flame burn in a plastic factory. Here, we report the first coinfection with Shewanella algae and Morganella morganii from a Naja atra bite wound with resistome analysis using whole genome sequencing. Even if co-infection by Clostridium difficile could not be ruled out, this is, to our knowledge, the first report of acute enteritis caused by … 2-4 These species are a part of microflora of marine environment and exposure to marine sources is considered an important risk factor for human diseases. First case of osteomyelitis due to Shewanella algae. At present, it is unclear exactly how many Shewanella species are truly bona fide human pathogens. Shewanella putrefaciens known earlier as Alteromonas putrefaciens or Pseudomonas putrefaciens is the only nonfermentative gram-negative rod that produces hydrogen sulfide []. Shewanella colonies are convex, smooth, and occasionally mucoid on sheep blood agar. SHEWANELLA IN A TILAPIA FISH FARM | Insight Medical Publishing SETTING: A university-affiliated tertiary acute care hospital in Seoul, Republic of … The genus was originally named after James Shewan.1 Found in both sea water and fresh water, it is now known that Shewanella infections tend to occur more frequently in Shewanella putrefaciens and Shewanella algae are Gram negative, nonfermentative and oxidative bacilli whose the main phenotypic feature is the production of hydrogen sulfide gas. Microbiology. Naja atra bites cause severe soft tissue injury and are prone to wound infections. The review of the literature shows that S. haliotis has been rarely implicated in human infections. Sporadic cases of severe skin and soft tissue infections, bacteremia, and sepsis have been reported from Asian countries. Shewanella haliotis should be considered as a potential human pathogen. Approximately 30% of nosocomial bloodstream infections in intensive care units in the United States are caused by these... Shewanella putrefaciens: An Emerging Cause of Nosocomial Pneumonia - Saad Ullah, Hassan Mehmood, Najwa Pervin, Hassan Zeb, Khushbakht Ramsha Kamal, Sadaquat Liaqat, 2018 The pathogens of Naja atra bite-wound infections are highly variable in different geographical regions. The route of Shewanella infection is associated with direct contact with the organism through seawater or ingestion of raw seafood (9). Vibrio and Shewanella Algae infections spread very quickly and can be fatal once symptoms begin to appear. 2005 Oct;43(10):5388-90. Case presentation: Two male patients with a history of gastrointestinal cancer presented to hospital with pulmonary Despite treatment with imipenem, the patient developed a spinal epidural abscess, from which imipenem-resistant S. algae was isolated. Shewanella algae. Initially, these species were named Achromobacter putrefaciens, later changed to Pseudomonas putrefaciens, and was finally, in 1985, classified as Shewanella genus. Treatment of S. algae infections is challenging due to the pathogen's intrinsic resistance to a variety of β-lactam antibiotics. Shewanella infections are uncommon in immunocompetent hosts. They can cause a broad range of human infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 29: 742-748. DESIGN: Matched case-control study. strains from patients of gastrointestinal cancer. Shewanella spp. Shewanella is a group of opportunistic organisms that mainly causes infection in immunocompromised individuals. Shewanella species, Shewanella putrefaciens, Shewanella algae, surgical site infection, skin and soft tissue infection, cellulitis Search for Similar Articles You may search for similar articles that contain these same keywords or you may modify the keyword list to augment your search. This means that Shewanella infections occur in warm climates or during especially warm summers in temperate climates. These environmental bacteria are occasionally identified in human infections, with a relatively strong association with exposure to seawater during warm seasons. It is commonly associated with skin and soft tissue infections, peritonitis and bacteraemia. Introduction: Shewanella is a gram negative marine bacterium of which S. putrefaciens and S. algae are pathogenic in immunocompromised patients and patients with pre-existing chronic ulcers. Download. The infections described most commonly involve ears, skin and soft … One species (S. algae) and possibly a second (S. putrefaciens) have been isolated from human samples on multiple occasions (5). The bacteria are easily killed by cooking the seafood. New enterant in the class of uropathogens shewanella algae. Shewanella species have involved only two species, i.e., S. algae and S. putrefaciens.